Geotextile fabric types are among the geosynthetic materials widely used in geotechnical and soil science construction projects. These geotextile materials are still used in civil engineering projects, particularly those related to geotechnical issues. They are often installed together with soil, foundations, rocks, and other types of geosynthetic materials as construction reinforcement.
Understanding Geotextile Fabric Types and Their Important Functions
In fact, geotextiles have various general functions, including separators, filters, and reinforcements in construction projects. This important role is a crucial component that ensures the smooth running of construction projects. Based on the material type, geotextiles are divided into two types: woven geotextiles and non-woven geotextiles. Below is an explanation of each material.
Woven Geotextile
Woven geotextiles are geosynthetic products in the form of knitted textile sheets that are then woven and woven using sophisticated machines. The raw materials used are polypropylene (PP) silt film or continuous polyester (PET) yarn, which has high strength. The manufacturing process uses machine-directional (MD) and machine-transverse (CD) weaves.
Based on the manufacturing process, woven geotextiles offer tensile strength characteristics, thus they are divided into two main categories: high-tensile-strength woven geotextiles and low-tensile-strength woven geotextiles. This material offers high resistance to UV rays during installation. Furthermore, it is resistant to chemicals, bacteria, fungi, microorganisms, and biological effects in the soil.
Function of Woven Geotextiles
Woven geotextiles primarily function as separators. This type of geotextile fabric is positioned between soft soil and embankments, acting as a separator and filter. Woven geotextiles offer high permeability. This allows water to pass through the pores of the geotextile easily. As a result, the soil particles above them are retained by the material and are not eroded or carried away by the flow.
Non-Woven Geotextiles
Non-woven geotextiles are a type of geosynthetic product in the form of unwoven sheets. This material is made from polypropylene (PP) or polyester (PET) fibers, either staple fiber or continuous filament, which are joined using needle punching, bonding, and interlocking processes. Non-woven geotextiles have high puncture strength and high elongation. This makes them suitable for use as separators between soft soil and embankments. The material’s weight varies from 150 grams/m² to 600 grams/m².
Non-Woven Geotextiles
Non-woven geotextiles have two main functions:
1. Separator
At first glance, non-woven geotextiles are similar to woven geotextiles. However, this geotextile fabric is not specifically designed for soft soil reinforcement. Typically, the material is used where the subgrade is already in good or stable condition. Therefore, it can be used as a separator between the subgrade and embankments.
2. Filtration
Non-woven geotextiles are used for filtration, allowing water to pass through the soil, preventing it from carrying away embankment particles. This material helps prevent project sites from being eroded by erosion, which can erode embankments and mix them with the subgrade. In practice, non-woven geotextiles are widely used as drainage channels. This is done by wrapping drainage pipes used in water channel construction, such as perforated pipes, and other drainage pipes.
Both geotextile fabric types have their own unique appeal and serve equally important functions. Both woven and non-woven geotextiles are used to streamline work in various construction projects. Therefore, the choice of material can be tailored to the project’s needs and the soil conditions at the construction site.
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